Refactor ask_question

Update ask_question to accept a question dict instead of six separate arguments

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QUESTIONS is now a list of dictionaries — the data format has been updated for you. Each dict has four fields:

"text" — the question string
"options" — a list of four answer strings
"correct" — the number of the correct option (1–4)
"category" — the topic this question belongs to, such as "loops" or "functions"

The "category" field is new. It lets players filter the quiz to a single topic — for example, practice only "loops" questions before a test. You will wire that up in the next chapter. For now, the field is there in the data; you do not need to use it yet.

The for loop in run_quiz already uses for q in questions_for_round:, so each question arrives as a full dict.

The current ask_question call passes each field individually:

ask_question(q["text"], q["options"][0], q["options"][1], q["options"][2], q["options"][3], q["correct"])

That's six arguments extracted from a dict you already have. There is no need to unpack it — pass q directly and let the function access the fields it needs.

This is a common refactoring pattern: when a function receives many related values that all come from the same object, pass the object instead. The function signature shrinks, the call site shrinks, and adding a new field to the dict later does not require updating the signature.

Instructions

Update ask_question to accept the full question dictionary.

Change the ask_question signature from def ask_question(text, o1, o2, o3, o4, correct): to def ask_question(q): — the function now receives the whole question dict.
Inside ask_question, replace each parameter reference with the corresponding dict lookup:
- print(text) → print(q["text"])
- print(f" 1) {o1}") through print(f" 4) {o4}") → print(f" 1) {q['options'][0]}") through print(f" 4) {q['options'][3]}")
- is_correct = answer == correct → is_correct = answer == q["correct"]
- print(f"Wrong! The correct answer was option {correct}.") → print(f"Wrong! The correct answer was option {q['correct']}.")
In run_quiz, replace the long ask_question(q["text"], q["options"][0], ...) call with ask_question(q).

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QUESTIONS = [
    {"text": "What is the type of the value 3.14?", "options": ["int", "str", "float", "bool"], "correct": 3, "category": "types"},
    {"text": "What keyword defines a function in Python?", "options": ["for", "def", "if", "class"], "correct": 2, "category": "functions"},
    {"text": "What does print() do?", "options": ["Stores a value", "Returns a number", "Displays output", "Reads input"], "correct": 3, "category": "output"},
    {"text": "What type does input() always return?", "options": ["int", "float", "str", "bool"], "correct": 3, "category": "output"},
    {"text": "Which keyword starts a for loop?", "options": ["loop", "repeat", "for", "each"], "correct": 3, "category": "loops"},
    {"text": "What does len() return?", "options": ["The first item", "The last item", "The number of items", "The sum"], "correct": 3, "category": "basics"},
    {"text": "What is the result of 10 // 3?", "options": ["3.33", "3", "1", "0"], "correct": 2, "category": "basics"},
    {"text": "Which keyword exits a loop early?", "options": ["exit", "return", "stop", "break"], "correct": 4, "category": "loops"},
    {"text": "What does elif stand for?", "options": ["else if", "elif loop", "end loop if", "extra loop"], "correct": 1, "category": "conditionals"},
    {"text": "What does a function return with no return statement?", "options": ["0", "False", "None", "Error"], "correct": 3, "category": "functions"},
]

# Step 1: Change signature to ask_question(q)
# Step 2: Replace all parameter references with dict lookups
def ask_question(text, o1, o2, o3, o4, correct):
    print(text)
    print()
    print(f"  1) {o1}")
    print(f"  2) {o2}")
    print(f"  3) {o3}")
    print(f"  4) {o4}")
    print()
    while True:
        answer_text = input("Your answer (1-4): ")
        try:
            answer = int(answer_text)
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter 1, 2, 3, or 4.")
            continue
        if answer < 1 or answer > 4:
            print("Please enter 1, 2, 3, or 4.")
            continue
        break
    is_correct = answer == correct
    print()
    print(f"You answered: {answer}")
    if is_correct:
        print("Correct!")
    else:
        print(f"Wrong! The correct answer was option {correct}.")
    return is_correct

def show_results(score, total):
    print(f"Score: {score}/{total}")
    if score == total:
        print("Perfect score!")
    elif score >= 2:
        print("Great job!")
    elif score >= 1:
        print("Not bad!")
    else:
        print("Keep practicing!")

def run_quiz(questions=QUESTIONS, num=None):
    if num is None:
        num = len(questions)
    score = 0
    streak = 0
    questions_for_round = questions[:num]
    total = len(questions_for_round)
    print(f"=== Python Quiz ({total} questions) ===")
    print()
    for q in questions_for_round:
        # Step 3: Replace the long call with ask_question(q)
        result = ask_question(q["text"], q["options"][0], q["options"][1], q["options"][2], q["options"][3], q["correct"])
        if result:
            score = score + 1
            streak = streak + 1
            if streak >= 3:
                print(f"  Hot streak! ({streak} in a row)")
        else:
            streak = 0
    show_results(score, total)

while True:
    try:
        num_input = input(f"How many questions? (1-{len(QUESTIONS)}, enter for all): ").strip()
        if num_input:
            num = int(num_input)
        else:
            num = len(QUESTIONS)
    except ValueError:
        num = len(QUESTIONS)
    print()
    run_quiz(num=num)
    print()
    again = input("Play again? (y/n): ")
    if again != "y":
        break

print("Thanks for playing!")

Refactor ask_question

Instructions

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