Add the Stats Dictionary

Create the STATS dictionary and make run_quiz return score and total

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Two small changes set up the stats system: add the STATS dict to hold the counters, and add return score, total to run_quiz so the while loop can read the results.

Neither change affects how the quiz plays — STATS starts at all zeros and the return value is not yet used by the caller. You will wire them together in the next chapter.

Instructions

Add the STATS dictionary and make run_quiz return its results.

After QUESTIONS, define a dictionary named STATS with five keys — each initialized to 0:
- "games" — how many rounds have been completed
- "best_score" — the highest number of correct answers in a single round
- "best_total" — how many questions were in that best round
- "total_correct" — cumulative correct answers across all rounds
- "total_questions" — cumulative questions answered across all rounds
At the end of run_quiz, after calling show_results(score, total), add return score, total — the function now hands both values back to the caller so they can be recorded in STATS.

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QUESTIONS = [
    {"text": "What is the type of the value 3.14?", "options": ["int", "str", "float", "bool"], "correct": 3, "category": "types"},
    {"text": "What keyword defines a function in Python?", "options": ["for", "def", "if", "class"], "correct": 2, "category": "functions"},
    {"text": "What does print() do?", "options": ["Stores a value", "Returns a number", "Displays output", "Reads input"], "correct": 3, "category": "output"},
    {"text": "What type does input() always return?", "options": ["int", "float", "str", "bool"], "correct": 3, "category": "output"},
    {"text": "Which keyword starts a for loop?", "options": ["loop", "repeat", "for", "each"], "correct": 3, "category": "loops"},
    {"text": "What does len() return?", "options": ["The first item", "The last item", "The number of items", "The sum"], "correct": 3, "category": "basics"},
    {"text": "What is the result of 10 // 3?", "options": ["3.33", "3", "1", "0"], "correct": 2, "category": "basics"},
    {"text": "Which keyword exits a loop early?", "options": ["exit", "return", "stop", "break"], "correct": 4, "category": "loops"},
    {"text": "What does elif stand for?", "options": ["else if", "elif loop", "end loop if", "extra loop"], "correct": 1, "category": "conditionals"},
    {"text": "What does a function return with no return statement?", "options": ["0", "False", "None", "Error"], "correct": 3, "category": "functions"},
]

# Step 1: Add STATS dictionary here

def ask_question(q):
    print(q["text"])
    print()
    print(f"  1) {q['options'][0]}")
    print(f"  2) {q['options'][1]}")
    print(f"  3) {q['options'][2]}")
    print(f"  4) {q['options'][3]}")
    print()
    while True:
        answer_text = input("Your answer (1-4): ")
        try:
            answer = int(answer_text)
        except ValueError:
            print("Please enter 1, 2, 3, or 4.")
            continue
        if answer < 1 or answer > 4:
            print("Please enter 1, 2, 3, or 4.")
            continue
        break
    is_correct = answer == q["correct"]
    print()
    print(f"You answered: {answer}")
    if is_correct:
        print("Correct!")
    else:
        print(f"Wrong! The correct answer was option {q['correct']}.")
    return is_correct

def show_results(score, total):
    print(f"Score: {score}/{total}")
    if score == total:
        print("Perfect score!")
    elif score >= 2:
        print("Great job!")
    elif score >= 1:
        print("Not bad!")
    else:
        print("Keep practicing!")

def run_quiz(questions=QUESTIONS, num=None):
    if num is None:
        num = len(questions)
    score = 0
    streak = 0
    questions_for_round = questions[:num]
    total = len(questions_for_round)
    print(f"=== Python Quiz ({total} questions) ===")
    print()
    for q in questions_for_round:
        result = ask_question(q)
        if result:
            score = score + 1
            streak = streak + 1
            if streak >= 3:
                print(f"  Hot streak! ({streak} in a row)")
        else:
            streak = 0
    show_results(score, total)
    # Step 2: return score, total

while True:
    categories = sorted(set(q["category"] for q in QUESTIONS))
  print("Categories: " + ", ".join(categories))
    category = input("Category (enter for all): ").strip()
    if category:
        pool = [q for q in QUESTIONS if q["category"] == category]
        if not pool:
            print("Category not found. Playing all.")
            pool = QUESTIONS
    else:
        pool = QUESTIONS
    try:
        num_input = input(f"How many questions? (1-{len(pool)}, enter for all): ").strip()
        if num_input:
            num = int(num_input)
        else:
            num = len(pool)
    except ValueError:
        num = len(pool)
    print()
    run_quiz(pool, num)
    print()
    again = input("Play again? (y/n): ")
    if again != "y":
        break

print("Thanks for playing!")

Add the Stats Dictionary

Instructions

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